Perfect Modal Verbs

                                           Modal verb + have + past participle                                                      

Perfect Modal	Picture	sentence
could have _____ couldn't have _____ past ability		The boy could have done the dishes himself, but his father decided to help.
should have ____ shouldn't have ____ You did or didn't do something that was a good idea.		The girl shouldn't have spun around so many times. She fell down. spin: turn around many times. spin / spun / spun
would have ____ wouldn't have ____ past condition / past situation		This house of cards would have fallen over if the person who built it hadn't been so careful.
may have _____ may not have _____ past possibility		My grandfather may have used this camera when he was a young man, but I'm not sure.
might have ______ might not have _____ past possibility		Her mother might have put mustard on her sandwich. She hopes not.
must have ____ must not have ___ past probability. This indicates that something probably happened in the past.		They must have practiced a lot because they're very good musicians.

Let's not forget... The Future Perfect Tense Unlike all the other modals above, will is used for the future: Subject + will + have + past participle Singular Plural I will have lived We will have lived You will have lived You will have lived He will have lived She will have lived They will have lived It will have lived This is a difficult tense to use. It describes an action that will be completed in the future.